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Explain propensity score methods: matching, weighting (IPW), and the overlap assumption. When do they fail?

Propensity scores promise to mimic an experiment from observational data. The signal is knowing what they can and cannot fix, the overlap trap, and why IPW blows up. Here is the answer that separates careful candidates.

Updated Aug 2026 · Grounded in real Applied AI Engineer interview loops and written to a senior-engineer editorial bar.

Propensity scores promise to mimic an experiment from observational data. The signal is knowing what they can and cannot fix, the overlap trap, and why IPW blows up. Here is the answer that separates careful candidates.

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