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🧠 Foundations of LLMs & GenAI
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Inference-Time Compute and Reasoning Models

Inference-time (test-time) compute is the idea that spending more computation at generation, longer chains of thought, sampling multiple attempts, or search, reliably improves answers on hard problems, a scaling axis distinct from making the model bigger. Reasoning models (o1/R1-style) are trained, often via RL on verifiable rewards, to produce long internal reasoning and exploit this. Applied-AI interviews probe it because it changed how hard problems are solved and introduced a real latency/cost trade-off: route easy queries to fast models, reserve reasoning models for genuinely hard ones.

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